ENERGY FINAL: US IDEAL ENERGY SOCIETY

initial brainstorms for Energy final project: an ideal energy scenario/alternate reality which 

  • assumes the Green Revolution was averted with alternative humanitarian efforts like global economic stimulation, education, birth control schemes
  • proposes to balance arable land with that land area which is climatologically suitable for human comfort/health naturally (heating, cooling, humidity control, lighting is a non-issue)
  • energy intensive activities are largely dedicated to innovation and manufacture of increasingly energy efficient technologies and infrastructure
  • explores semi-nomadic, permaculture, and rewilding practices in an ideal situation
  • seeks to radically minimize human work as much as possible while maintaining high living standards for nutrition, health, intellectual novelty, stimulation, connectivity.  
  • explores/borrows ideas from rewilding movement, no-growth economy and other alternate propositions
  • is grounded in high-resolution ballpark figures for energy efficiencies in transportation, agriculture, permanent and nomadic infrastructure (necessary manufacturing, defense, education/research.)
  • seeks to align humanity's energy needs with solar-fed open systems rather than closed systems. 

PIGEONS ARE PEOPLE TOO

A pigeon counter to put on the Manhattan-East facing wall of Tisch's Fourth Floor [ITP] to meet Jeff Feddersen's Energy syllabus' "Solar Challenge" project: a data logger which efficiently uses solar energy to log data over long periods of time.  

I got the idea one day after Energy class while sitting on the benches beside the kitchen window.  A classmate pointed out the nuzzling pigeon mate pair on the sill outside of the loft windows.  

I decided to use a Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor to detect animal motion.  I figured if I positioned the senseor a foot above the sill I could get the pigeons landing motion/wing swoop but not their incessant milling-around once they landed.  I duck-duck-goosed for PIR and EEPROM [electronically erasable programmable read-only memory) Arduino code and found something long and somewhat complex from Danny Harrison's a PhD blog post on EEPROM which he in turn tweaked from Kristian Gohlke's PIR code.  

I tweaked the code slightly so that I could use his data structure for EEPROM (for counting humans in a stairwell.)  It works by making dividing all 512 bytes of the Arduino Uno's into 2 byte indices.  Each of the 256 memory addresses can hold values from 0-255.   The code specifies that for every 10 pigeon landings sensed by the PIR a tally of 1 is added to initial value of 0.   This means that each index (2 bytes of memory) will represent 2560 pigeon landings.  Multiply that by 256 and you can count 650K pigeons over your given time frame. 

The intent behind this project was to celebrate the symbolic individualism of any given pigeon and all the contemplator (myself) to draw connections between us and them as equal beings. 

Next steps will be to add a bluetooth module and set up a server to tweet each landmark pigeon landing with an account called Pigeons of ITP for a post-post-modern All Things Great & Small vibe: 

"The 34,000th pigeon has landed on the NE corner of ITP NYU"

I used a 3.7V 1200mA LiPO batt, a 6V solar panel and a separate charge controller in addition to the PIR sensor all from Adafruit, and an Arduino Uno.  

ENERGY: FINAL PROJECT PROPOSAL

MINMOD APP

Modular utilities/appliance systems for the New Era. 

Smil's text asserts:  electric lighting, heating, small motors related to temperature regulation of spaces are respectively the most significant use of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil.   If we want to put effort towards compressing our energy waste and usage these are the major energy terminals or leverage points to focus on with perhaps ideally rather than pragmatically a more thoughtful planning of  where populations settle and live in relation to each other, their food sources, and energy efficiency in a climatologically shifting world. 

DESIGN AND CONCEPT CONSIDERATIONS

Design & prototype a modular communal circuit system which can be attached to a give solar, kinetic, or piezoelectric source, and a custom appliance load or actuator. 

The idea is to have these as a public infrastructure resource for a speculative post-climate recognition era to: 

  1.  reduce manufacturing & transportation costs
  2. reduce consumption
  3. encourage communality and energy efficiency
  4. enables communities and individuals to 'travel light' for a climate adaptive nomadism. 
  5. community members are distributed loads and energy sources.

PROTOTYPE

  1. quantify energy usage and efficiencies
  2. consult experts/research for design and user utilitiy
  3. design for 3 types of useful common "combined" circuits
  4. research most common circuit designs 
  5. research existing systems concepts
  6. propose 3 different scenarios or possible installation locations (e.g. etched into a public building wall)

 

 

Energy: Investigations

For the Energy 2015 Kinetic Challenge teammate Isabel Paez and I explored the very roots of modern electricity with a simple lab: we made our own generator to convert "human" energy rather poorly.  Forrest Mims' illustrated guide to Getting Started in Electronics inspired us initially to not take the DC motor for granted as a self-enclosed unit.  


Then we generated electricity using a DC motor to momentarily light an LED.  This was a good exercise to absorb how much energy needs to be converted to keep a load powered in a useful way.  

Next we took one apart.  We saw where copper coils, wrapped around an iron body on an axis and soldered to contacts transfer electrons directly to power and ground via brushes. 

Our next step was to solder power and ground wires to the copper coils inside a VCR playhead motor and get a physical sense of how much power could be generated kinetically.  After reading about gear ratios we theorized if we spun this low-friction converter with our hand it would work similarly to a gear train with a low-ratio.

We designed and prototyped various kinetic power generator using a stiff magnetic pendulum to apply magnetic force to a converter made of CPU fans and small disc magnets.  

We researched mechanisms to move the magnet we believed would be doing work. 

This turned out to be bogus.   As this fatherly YouTuber made us finally realize: don't bother using YouTube to do research for building a homemade generator if you don't already know exactly what constitutes a violation of the laws of thermodynamics. We found out some ways that do!  Because: 

  • Magnets can do no work!  Because symmetry.   

Also neodymium magnets are nothing to be trifled with.  They will pinch you. Hard.  

After giving up on the 'free energy' flavor we continued our efforts to make a homemade generator.  

 

These efforts ultimately failed to produce any substantial current because: 

  • Copper windings must not cross each other.  The more the better.  The more perfect the better.
  • The magnets - whether cast as stator or rotor must be close enough for their field to excite the coils in the electrons.  This is not as simple to engineer as one might think.  
  • Copper coil resists rapid change in direction. 
  • The orientation of the coil versus the orientation of the magnet's poles is significant - we had difficulty engineering this with parts we found/ordered in the time given.  

We learned a lot about how much energy it takes to generate energy - it is not just the fuel or the force that is applied to a man-made system - it's the energy required to innovate, engineer and manufacture.  

Ultimately we made a circuit which fulfilled the basic requirements of the project but which found no innovation in form or function - paying tribute to the millenia-long struggle of humanity to its efforts into useable energy.